Barriers, refusal and a hypothetical monetary incentive for Covid-19 vaccination in Mexican adults

Objective. To estimate vaccine uptake and assess sociodemographic conditions associated with vaccination barriers and refusal and to explore the effect of a monetary incentive to overcome them. Materials and methods. We used data from adults from the 2021 National Continuous Health and Nutrition Survey conducted during August-October 2021. We evaluated if an hypothetical monetary incentive between 50-650 MXN (~2.5-31 USD) would overcome barriers or refusal. Results. 73.9% were vaccinated with at least one dose, 7.5% refused, 4.8% reported barriers and 13.8% were ineligible at the time of the survey. Refusal and barriers were more frequent in men, older age, lower education and socioeconomic status, unemployed and informal workers. In people with barriers and refusal, the hypothetical incentive increased the acceptance in 57.6% (95%CI 50.7,64.4%) and 17.4% (95%CI 13.2,21.7%) in people with barriers and refusal, respectively. Conclusion. Understanding the reasons for barriers and refusal is crucial for future Covid-19 vaccination campaigns or epidemics. A monetary incentive might increase vaccination uptake, although, cost-effectiveness analyses are needed. © 2023,Salud Publica de Mexico. All Rights Reserved.

Adoption of Telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibero-America: A Systematic Literature Review

The outbreak of COVID-19 caused a major international public health crisis and led to the imposition of social distancing measures to contain the spread of the virus. In this context, the use of telehealth skyrocketed as the only way to deliver healthcare to patients during a lockdown was remotely. The countries of Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula were severely hit by the pandemic and the prospects and challenges associated with widespread adoption of telehealth are unique. The goal of this systematic literature review is to explore how telehealth has been used during the pandemic to prevent, diagnose, treat and control diseases in Ibero-America. Thus, we sought to identify the main keywords, themes, theoretical frameworks and methodologies used by researchers in this area. We used several tools for bibliographic management like Rayyan, VOSViewer and NVIVO and followed the PRISMA protocol. Our analysis of themes showed the existence of 3 nodes within the literature: students, teachers and education. After searching in 6 databases, 1826 articles were found. After excluding the duplicates (231 articles), we screened and read the titles and s of 1595 articles. Only 119 articles met the inclusion criteria. Finally, after a full-text analysis, a final sample of 106 articles was selected for analysis. Spain and Brazil are the countries who have produced the greatest volume of research in the region. The public sector is the largest funder of research on this topic by far especially at national level. Our findings show that the research output in the region of Ibero-America (Latin America and Iberia) on this topic is still relatively small when compared to regions like North America. Copyright © 2023 by Author/s and Licensed by IADITI.

About the use of the term "synbiotics " in Spanish language

Lockdown and social distancing due to COVID-19 affected the mental health and lifestyle of the population. However, there is insufficient evidence of alterations in eating behavior. Our study seeks to describe the relationship between eating behavior and eating habits among Chilean adults during the confinement period. A sample of 760 Chilean subjects was analyzed, who answered surveys using Google Forms, considering demographic characteristics, social distancing, dietary habits and EB. More than half of the participants consider that their dietary intake increased during confinement. Changes in dietary intake were analyzed according to food group, and a decrease in the consumption of fish, fruits and dairy pro- ducts was observed, while legumes, processed foods and soft drinks showed an increase, which represents risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. When analyzing eating behavior, a greater difficulty in stopping eating was observed when faced with external stimuli;increased intake associated with complex emotional situations, and when isolating the group that decreased their intake of unhealthy foods, a greater ability to limit their intake for weight control was reported. Our results are similar to other studies, and they reinforce that confinement is related to eating behavior, leading to changes in eating habits, which indicates that, at the public health level, post-pandemic nutritional strategies, should be focused on regulating eating behavior in order to guide habits towards healthy eating. Keywords: COVID-19;Dietary intake;Eating behavior;Food intake;Lockdown.

Augmented Reality for a New Reality: Using UTAUT-3 to Assess the Adoption of Mobile Augmented Reality in Tourism (MART)

Few industries were more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic than tourism. One of Europe´s leading tourist destinations, Porto had undergone a major tourism boom until the start of pandemic. Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) is one of the many emerging technologies that has great potential for tourist operators. Using this technology, they can create innovative tourism products that will help them recover from the present crisis. As a result, in this study, we will empirically test the latest version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to explore the factor leading to the adoption Mobile Augmented Reality in Tourism (MART) in Porto. In doing so, we aim to contribute to growing literature on the topic of Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR). The originality of this study lies in the use of an extended UTAUT model with greater predictive power and the exploration of the moderative role of gender, age and experience. To the data obtained from a random sample of 201 respondents who voluntarily answered an anonymous online questionnaire, we applied structural equational modeling and partial least squares (SEM-PLS) analysis to test the model. Our findings show that habit, hedonic motivations and facilitating conditions are the determinants of the use of MART. Copyright © 2022 by Author/s and Licensed by IADITI.

Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment on active patients who kept attending their phase III exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation during the COVID-19 era

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a powerful predictor of all-cause mortality among individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD). A structured community-based phase III cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is very important in lifelong maintenance of phase II CRF and health gains. During the COVID-19 pandemic, CR programs had to adapt, mainly using new technologies and remote follow-up. The CRF impact in patients (Ps) who kept going their phase III program, during this troubled era is still unknown. Purpose Assess the variation in CRF and prognostic parameters in Ps with CAD who maintain high adherence levels in their phase III CR before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cohort of Ps enrolled in a community-based phase 3 CR program, with active participation at the end of 2019, was included in this retrospective study. The inclusion criteria for this study were high levels of attendance (>80%) to the CR program before and during COVID-19 and high levels of physical activity with more than 150 mins of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). All Ps were evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and a cardiorespiratory exercise test (CPET) in a cycloergometer in 2019 and between october and november of 2021. All Ps had used accelerometers to measure their physical activity levels and dual-energy absorptiometry (DEXA) scan to evaluate their body composition. Between 2020 and 2021, Ps had online (in lockdown periods) and face to face exercise training sessions, 3xtimes per week, 60 mins each exercise session. A t-test paired two sample for means was used to compare CPET variables before the beginning of the first COVID lockdown (end of 2019) and after the removal of the majority of restrictions (end of 2021). Results A total of 30 Ps with high levels of adherence were included (99.6% male, 65 ± 9 years old). In this cohort, the majority had history of an ACS before the referral to the CR program (73.3%) and 55.6 ± 10.4% of left ventricular ejection fraction. There was no significant difference in body mass index (27.9 ± 3.2 kg/m2 vs 28.1 ± 3.6 kg/m2, p=0.493 but there was a significant increase in the percentage of body fat mass (30.1 ± 5.7% vs 31.0 ± 6.6%, p= 0.042). There was a maintenance on MVPA levels (352 ± 137 minutes/week vs 313 ± 194 minutes/week, p = 0.106) during this period. When comparing the 2 CPET results, Ps achieved higher exercise loads in the 2021 test (175 ± 51W vs 185 ± 52W, p=0.005), higher VO2 peak (25.3 ± 6.9 ml/kg/min vs 21.5 ± 6.3 ml/kg/min, p =0.001) and higher percentage of predicted VO2max (78.8 ± 16.8% vs 95.27 ± 20.8%, p = 0.001). Conclusion In spite of all the difficulties in maintaining a phase III CR program during the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed that in physically active CAD Ps, with the aid of new technologies and remote follow-up (during the lockdown periods) and face to face exercise sessions, it is still possible to have functional gains and improvements in CRF.

Web Information in Face of COVID-19 Crisis: Evidence from Tourism Sector

Due to COVID-19, the global health crisis has had an unprecedented effect on the tourism industry. Academics and politicians are asked to point out solutions that will help people and the economy mitigate such a bad impact. This paper aims to answer the following research questions: (i) How the pandemic caused by COVID-19 was treated by tourism e/m-commerce companies, (ii) What kind of information is available on social media about COVID-19, (iii) What economic and financial information can be access on the web regarding these companies. This is an exploratory study based on multiple case-study approaches that combine different methodologies and techniques. The content analysis focuses on two main pillars: COVID-19 related information available in websites and social networks;the economic and financial information available and freely accessible on the web. The results indicate that, in general, companies have strengthened their presence in the digital world. Services that were previously provided face-to-face or in a mixed format, are now exclusively remote. Communication with customers about pandemic awareness, public health care and, especially, procedures to be carried out, were also distributed through digital channels. Financial data of companies with a diversified business portfolio evidence systematic risk, while companies that deal exclusively with tourism business already show expected losses due to their exposure to specific risk, expected for the tourism sector.

Shorter cardiac rehabilitation programs: taking time is taking effectiveness?

Introduction: Due to the covid-19 outbreak, cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) underwent most needed adaptions to stay operative. To face all the requests and guarantee sanitary measures, we reduced the duration of the program from about 12 weeks to about 8 weeks, so we could have smaller groups but still respond to all patients who had been referred. However, it is still unclear whether less hours of contact and exercise sessions can achieve the same results as traditional CRP. Objective: To analyse the effectiveness of shorter duration CRP on risk factor control and exercise tolerance after concluding the program. Methods: Observational single center study including two groups of patients who underwent CRP: one group who had been in 12 weeks-CRP before the pandemic sprout and another group enrolled in an 8-week program after April 2021. Albeit differences in their duration, both CRP had the same structure: observation by cardiologist, physiatrist, specialist nurse, exercise (aerobic and strength exercises) and educational sessions, as well as nutrition and psychologist consultation. Results: A total of 114 pts were analysed (mean age 62,4±11,6 years, 85.1% men, 86% with ischemic heart disease). Main comorbidities were hypertension (68,4%), dyslipidaemia (70%) and diabetes (30,7%). 78 pts completed a longer programme with 12 weeks duration while 36 underwent a shorter CRP with 8 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups regarding population demographics, aetiology, LVEF and co-morbidities. After CRP, there was significant improvement in risk factor control (mainly lipidic profile and weight) and echocardiographic parameters in both groups. We noted an important reduction in LDL levels (85±42.6mg/dL before CRP and 67.68±28.45mg/dL after), approaching the guideline recommended levels (<55mg/dL): 29.8% before vs 42.6% after (p=0.079), with no difference between the two groups (p=0,65). Significant improvement of LVEF was also observed (53% to 57%, p <0.001) without difference between the two groups (p=0.112). Exercise tolerance improved similarly in both groups, assessed by the time of exercise stress test: we registered a global increase of 65 ± 1.38s after CRP, with no difference between the two groups (p = 0.157). Conclusion: Shorter duration CRP showed similar results concerning risk factor control, echocardiographic LVEF and exercise tolerance improvement, suggesting that they can be an effective alternative when needed.

Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment on active patientswhokept attending their phase III exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation during the COVID-19 era

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a powerful predictor of all-cause mortality among individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD). A structured community-based phase III cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is very important in lifelong maintenance of phase II CRF and health gains. During the COVID-19 pandemic, CR programs had to adapt, mainly using new technologies and remote follow-up. The CRF impact in patients (Ps) who kept going their phase III program, during this troubled era is still unknown. Purpose: Assess the variation in CRF and prognostic parameters in Ps with CAD who maintain high adherence levels in their phase III CR before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cohort of Ps enrolled in a community-based phase 3 CR program, with active participation at the end of 2019, was included in this retrospective study. The inclusion criteria for this study were high levels of attendance (>80%) to the CR program before and during COVID-19 and high levels of physical activity with more than 150 mins of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). All Ps were evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and a cardiorespiratory exercise test (CPET) in a cycloergometer in 2019 and between october and november of 2021. All Ps had used accelerometers to measure their physical activity levels and dual-energy absorptiometry (DEXA) scan to evaluate their body composition. Between 2020 and 2021, Ps had online (in lockdown periods) and face to face exercise training sessions, 3xtimes per week, 60 mins each exercise session. A t-test paired two sample for means was used to compare CPET variables before the beginning of the first COVID lockdown (end of 2019) and after the removal of the majority of restrictions (end of 2021). Results: A total of 30 Ps with high levels of adherence were included (99.6% male, 65 ± 9 years old). In this cohort, the majority had history of an ACS before the referral to the CR program (73.3%) and 55.6 ± 10.4% of left ventricular ejection fraction. There was no significant difference in body mass index (27.9 ± 3.2 kg/m2 vs 28.1 ± 3.6 kg/m2, p=0.493 but there was a significant increase in the percentage of body fat mass (30.1 ± 5.7% vs 31.0 ± 6.6%, p= 0.042). There was a maintenance on MVPA levels (352 ± 137 minutes/week vs 313 ± 194 minutes/week, p = 0.106) during this period. When comparing the 2 CPET results, Ps achieved higher exercise loads in the 2021 test (175 ± 51W vs 185 ± 52W, p=0.005), higher VO2 peak (25.3 ± 6.9 ml/kg/min vs 21.5 ± 6.3 ml/kg/min, p =0.001) and higher percentage of predicted VO2max (78.8 ± 16.8% vs 95.27 ± 20.8%, p = 0.001). Conclusion: In spite of all the difficulties in maintaining a phase III CR program during the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed that in physically active CAD Ps, with the aid of new technologies and remote follow-up (during the lockdown periods) and face to face exercise sessions, it is still possible to have functional gains and improvements in CRF. (Figure Presented).

Nutrition guidelines compliance in cardiovascular disease patients attending a long-term exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program during COVID-19 era

Introduction: Dietary habits influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, mainly through risk factors such as lipids, blood pressure, body weight and diabetes. Therefore, a healthy diet is recommended as a cornerstone of CVD prevention in all individuals and in reducing risk of recurrent disease, yet few studies have examined diet quality in cardiac-rehabilitation patients on a long-term basis. Purpose: To evaluate the compliance with dietary guidelines in patients who attend a long-term cardiac rehabilitation program (phase III) during COVID-19 era. Methods: The study was developed between October 2020 and October 2021 in a phase III centre-based cardiac rehabilitation program. To evaluate dietary intake a 24hour recall questionnaire was used. Diet composition was analysed using ESHA's Food Processor® software. Cunningham equation was used to evaluate resting energy expenditure and physical activity expenditure measured by accelerometery was added to calculate daily energetic requirements. The nutrients and cut-offs considered for the analysis were saturated fat (<10%), sodium (<2g), potassium (≥3.5g), fibre (≥30g), and alcohol (<100g/week), considering the 2021 ESC Guidelines on CVD Prevention in Clinical Practice or the World Health Organization guidelines for a healthy diet. To evaluate weight and height a digital scale SECA 799 and a stadiometer SECA 220 were used, respectively. Results: A total of 57 patients (78.9% men) with a mean age of 63.8±8.5 were evaluated. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.4±3.8kg/m2, being most patients overweight or obese (61.7%). A higher caloric consumption, compared to the individual energy requirements, was found in 26.3% of patients. No statistical differences were found between mean saturated fat intake (10.1±3.6%) and the recommended intake (p=0.85). Mean sodium consumption was 3.42±1.46 grams and mean potassium intake was 3.0±1.0 grams. Sodium intake was significantly higher (p<0.001), and potassium intake significantly lower (p<0.001) than the recommendation. Fibre intake was also significantly lower than the recommendation (median intake was 21.1±12.2 grams, p<0.001). Among patients who drank alcoholic beverages (n=28), the median alcohol intake per day was 17.4±26.3 grams which was significantly higher than the limit recommended (p=0.043). Conclusion: Our findings showed that these patients deviated from the recommendations in some key nutrients. The intake of sodium and alcohol was higher than the recommendations, and the intake of potassium and fibre were lower than the recommendations. Moreover, most patients were overweight or obese. This study highlights the need for individual nutritional counselling sessions as a reinforcement of a standard educational program, to effectively promote an adequate diet, which may reduce the risk of recurrent disease. Further research about nutritional intervention in patients undergoing on a long-term basis cardiac rehabilitation is warranted.

Comparison between five PCR techniques for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.

OBJECTIVE: Since the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 appeared, there have been numerous techniques that have been developed for the diagnosis or monitoring of infection, both direct and serological techniques. Choosing a good diagnostic tool is essential for epidemiological control. The objective was to compare five commercialized RT-PCR techniques in real time, in sensitivity, specificity and agreement for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: Five commercial RT-PCR kits for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 were compared. Eight known positive samples were taken and subjected to seven different dilutions or concentrations, and another 135 negative samples were used to determine sensitivity, specificity, and agreement values. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for the Palex, Roche and GeneXpert techniques with respect to Seegene were identical, corresponding to 98.21%, 100%, 100% and 99.26% respectively. For Becton Dickinson the sensitivity was 89.28%, the specificity of 100%, the PPV of 100% and the NPV of 95.74%. The agreement using the Kappa index for Palex, Roche and GeneXpert was 0.9892, while the agreement for Becton Dickinson was with a Kappa index of 0.9215. CONCLUSIONS: All commercial RT-PCR kits had high sensitivities and specificities, as well as PPV, NPV, and concordance.

Using UTAUT-3 to Understand the Adoption of Mobile Augmented Reality in Tourism (MART)

Before the pandemic, the city of Porto had undergone a boom in tourism and emerged as one of Europe´s most attractive and smartest destinations. Few industries were more disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic than tourism. In the post-pandemic world, mobile augmented reality (MAR) has become increasingly important, yet research on this emerging technology remains scarce. In this study, we will empirically test the UTAUT-3 model to understand the adoption of mobile augmented reality in tourism (MART) in the city of Porto, Portugal. Unlike most IS studies in the field of tourism, this study uses the latest version of the UTAUT model that has superior predictive power. To test this model, SEM-PLS analysis was applied to data obtained from a survey with 101 respondents. We found that respondents do not seem be influenced by prices, the opinions of others, the usefulness nor the effort it takes to use MART. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Indigenous Representativeness in Theater Degree courses

In this interview, carried out during the International. Seminar on Theatrical. Pedagogies and Indigenous Peoples: decolonizing the formation of the artist-teacher-research person, the graduate in Theater from the State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), Eliana Silva Santos Pataxo and the graduate in Theater from Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Edmar Srenokra Xerente, alongside the supervisors of their Course Completion Works, Maria Aparecida de Souza (UESB) and Karylleila Andrade (UFT) comment on the experiences in their communities, the difficulties to enter and remain in the university, the relationships with the curricula and subjects of the courses, the artistic and pedagogical interventions carried out during the graduation period and at the end, the return to the community and the continuity of the studies. In May 2021, given the health crisis caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19), the interview was conducted through a video call.

COMPLIANCE AND IMPACT OF MOZAMBICAN STATE OF EMERGENCY ON COVID-19 CONTAINMENT MEASURES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN AN URBAN SETTING

The study aimed to describe responses to changes in behaviour associated with the Coronavirus containment measures, to assess the impact on behaviour related to physical activity and family incomes and to determine the association between compliance with the containment measures and social demographic variables. A cross-sectional study design was applied. Adults (n=1054) from two main cities of Mozambique were interviewed. Virtually everyone goes out frequently (99.4%), mostly to work, selling and shopping. Masks were always used (75.9%) and 91.7% declared to have increased washing hands frequently. Among those who exercise, 54.7% exercised outdoors in groups. More than half (54.9%) declared that their income was affected and physical activity was reduced for 30.1% of the subjects. From the logistic regression analysis, Males (OR=1.42), vendors (OR=2.09) and students (OR=1.97) tend to stay at home less. Predictors for not staying at home were informal business (OR=11.54), working (OR=8.83), hanging out (OR=4.76), shopping (OR=2.75) and physical activities (OR=2.73). Informal vending is the occupation more likely to lose income (OR=9.05). The strategy for preventing the spread of the coronavirus proposed worldwide found severe constraints in its application in the urban context of Mozambique.

Digital Adaptation of the Portuguese Museums Educational Service in a Pandemic Context—Case Study

The promotion and dissemination of cultural heritage, exhibited in Portuguese national museums, are of great importance, mainly in its educational aspect, but also as a foundation for the perpetuation of memory, both for the population in general and, above all, for children, adolescents and young adults. In this article, the main objective is to investigate the digital adaptation, resulting from the technological innovation implemented in six Portuguese national museums, namely in their educational services, as a way to overcome the problems created by the COVID-19 pandemic, problems that were aggravated during periods of lockdown and closure of these museums. We also intend to analyse the problem of accessibility to digital information and to understand how the institutional web contents of these educational services of the museums under study, which depend on the Direção Geral do Património Cultural (Directorate General for Cultural Heritage), comply with the accessibility requirements contained in Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG 2.0) of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), as set out in Directive (EU) 2016/2102 of the European Parliament and the European Standard EN 17161:2019. The final analysis revealed several weaknesses that affect the interest and motivations of users, given the wide range of museum product offerings. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

A Model to Manage Organizational Collaborative Networks in a Pandemic (Covid-19) Context

The pandemics situation has brought unforeseen challenges to all organizations at a global scale. While some strongly profit from it, others thrive to survive or already died. In such times the bulk of leadership and management related skills, gains a disproportional importance especially for organizations where most of their workforce strongly depends on remote collaboration. Being aware of the difficulties to manage collaboration within and between teams in “normal times”, the “still” ongoing situation has only brought more complexity to organizations in that aspect. In this work is proposed a model to manage organizational remote collaborative networks in order to identify collaboration extremes (lack of collaboration, or collaborative overload) which emerges as people work together in projects or operations, developed based in three pillars (collaborative networks, social network analysis, and business intelligence). A real case study is presented to illustrate the functioning principles of the model. © 2021, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.

Disarray at the headquarters: Economists and Central bankers tested by the subprime and the COVID recessions

The article explores the discussions among economic modelers and central banks research staff and decision makers, namely on the adequacy of unconventional monetary policy and fiscal expansionary measures after the subprime crisis and as the COVID recession is developing. First, the article investigates the arguments, models and policy proposals of several mainstream schools of economics that challenged the traditional Chicagoan orthodoxy based on Milton Friedman's views, and developed the Lucas Critique, the New Classical synthesis and Real Business Cycle approach that replaced monetarism as the main rivals to old-time Keynesianism. Second, the transformation of Real Business Cycle models into Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models is mapped, as it extended the ideas of the iniquity of government intervention and unified academic and central bank research. Yet, a battery of criticism was levied against the DSGE models and, as the debate emerged over quantitative easing and other tools of unconventional monetary policy, the need for policy pragmatism shattered the previous consensus. The article then proceeds to discuss how the leading mainstream academic economists reacted to changes in central banks"practices, noticing a visible dissonance within Chicago-school and DSGE economists, as well as major contortions of central bankers in order to justify their new postures. The article concludes with a call for an extensive menu of fiscal, industrial and innovation policies in order to respond to recessions and structural crises. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved.

Digital urologic education during COVID-19

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 has drastically changed didactic residency education. The urologic community displayed its resilience and adaptability by swiftly converting in-person education to webinar events in response to the pandemic. The goal of this study was to analyze the trends of urology webinars since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The official social media accounts for all AUAregistered urology residency and urologic-oncology fellowship programs were systematically searched for webinar listings. All of the free webinars available to the greater urologic community posted between January 1, 2020 and June 1, 2020 were included in this study. Data was abstracted from each webinar including the date of delivery, topic of discussion, and number of speakers. Temporal trends were analyzed via join-point regression modelling. RESULTS: A total of 450 webinars were offered in the initial 18 weeks following the pandemic declaration. A total of 629 speakers from 96 academic institutions were involved in at least one webinar. The mean webinar duration was 58.7 minutes. At the peak of the “webinar frenzy,” a mean of 7.1 webinars/day were offered with 12.7 speakers/day involved. Urologic webinars increased in availability significantly from weeks 1 to 9 and decreased in availability non-significantly from weeks 10 to 18. Urologic-oncology was the most commonly discussed sub-specialty, representing 113 (25.1%) separate lectures with 151 speakers. Urologic-oncology increased in interest significantly over weeks 1 to 9 (AWPC: 110.7%;p<0.001) with a stable trend (AWPC -5.5, p=0.3) from weeks 10 to 18. Prostate cancer (33.9%) was the most discussed subject, followed by bladder cancer (29.5%), kidney cancer (12.5%), testis cancer (8%), upper urinary tract cancer (7.2%) and penile cancer (3.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our analysis demonstrates impressive and immediate reaction of the academic urologic community and specifically, the urologic-oncologic community, to continuing medical education amidst a pandemic. While webinars have some limitations, they have the opportunity to increase educational access across geographical and financial barriers. Time will show if webinars have a permanent role in the future of medical education or if we have witnessed the rise and fall of a “webin-era.”. (Table Presented).

On the Nature and Determinants of Poor Households’ Resilience in Fragility Contexts

Several global policy frameworks focus on managing (risks of) disasters affecting broad populations. In those frameworks resilience is a conceptualisation that possibly has important ideological implications. It is often opposed to fragility, and used to validate the notion of recurring insecurity, promote individual adaptability almost in the form of an obligation, and push the idea that crises/catastrophes are opportunities for profound changes. While effects from the COVID-19 pandemic have brought the protective role of the state to the fore, applying the word resilience to poor people requires clarification, especially in contexts of weak state public services and because assessment of complex poverty situations too often remains oversimplified and error-prone. We argue that to build capacity for resilience poor households need policies that protect and help them out of poverty, and that policy-making processes require engagement with people. Individuals must be asked about their perceptions and management of risks and threats, both in daily life and under exceptional circumstances, especially if the resulting stress factors accumulate and interact. This socially informed, place-specific, and multi-level approach could contribute substantially to identifying interventions, reducing poverty and poverty related risks, enhancing well-being and promoting development and cooperation programmes that meet people’s expectations. © 2021 European Union.